I've been thinking lately on the topic of what makes YA, YA. I know this is a topic that I've picked at before. However, I think it bears examination.
I encountered the first book in Garth Nix's Old Kingdom series,
Sabriel, in isolation. It was in a box of books that was gifted to my classroom library because a coworker was downsizing their personal library. There was nothing on the cover of the edition I had to indicate that it was considered YA. So, I read it without preconceived notions.
I gobbled down all three of the original trilogy in about two weeks. They are great books and it's an amazing nuanced fantasy world with strong philosophic overtones exploring a range of topics in a gritty mature tone. In fact, nothing really indicated to me that it was intended as YA until Ryan said, "Hey, Garth Nix. Isn't he that YA author." My response was something like, "clearly not, no way, can't be, are you crazy? Do you have the brain worms?" However, it's pretty rare for Ryan to be that off base with his name recognition so I researched and sure enough Garth Nix is known for several YA/Middle Reader series and the "Old Kingdom" series is, in fact, currently marketed as YA fiction.
Well slap me with a monkey and call me banana!
So, ok, what makes something YA? Is it a meaningless definition? Or a marketing ploy? Is it, in fact, a valuable distinction? I'm not alone in feeling some frustration with the ambiguity of the term. The Guardian ran an
article on it. YALSA, the Young Adult branch of the American Library Association, has published a
white paper on it acknowledging the amorphous nature of the term. If you do a basic search on the question, there's quite a lot out there.
I think in the end there's quite a lot going on here.
First, "YA" is a designation of the intended audience, but that doesn't mean older readers can't find value in the material. Many "adults" read YA because, being aimed at teens, it tends to deal with morally or socially complex issues in a straightforward manner. I think we all benefit from reading such material, so it's not a surprise that a diverse group read it.
Second, ultimately it's a marketing decision to call something YA. Authors tend to develop followings and fans tend to impose their preconceptions on material. In Nix's case, most of what he's written is Middle Reader or YA. I feel that if I called the guy up, he would tell me that the "Old Kingdom" series was his attempt at writing for a fully mainstream audience. (I could be wrong. Maybe someday I'll get a chance to ask) However, from a publishing business point of view, teens and pre-teens are an enormous consumer block with tons of discretionary funds to spend on non-essentials. It's in their best interest to get as many things market towards teens as they can.
Third, on many levels there are more similarities between teens and adults than differences. Intellectually speaking teens are in a phase of deliberately exploring their world and the ideas that control their lives. Most teens, who are intellectually capable and educationally prepared (many if not most of them), can read and understand anything an adult can. It comes down to interest and engagement.
So what are the common factors for something called "YA"?
I can really only come up with one. All YA fiction has an age appropriate protagonist: somewhere between 12 and 20 years old.
Everything else is up for grabs.
I know in my mind, some things are and somethings are not "YA". I'm a little unclear in my own mind what the distinction is and it's something I will continue to wrestle with, but I am pretty sure that it has something to do with authorial intent. However, I am sure that it's a soft distinction. Teens can read and should read "adult fiction" and adults can and should read "YA." The more ideas we are exposed to, the better off we are as people.
In other news, I finished my eighth book in March on on the 15th, which considering that I'm picking my way through
The Power and the Glory a chapter at a time between novels, puts me exactly on pace for 200 books but doesn't help me make up any ground.